The Swedish language : Swadesh list
The Swedish language : 6th part, grammar : adverbs and verbs.
1) Adverbs :
The adverbs are formed by adding -t to an adjective :
- tjock (thick, fat) -> tjockt (thickly)
- snabb (quick) -> snabbt (quickly)
2) Verbs :
The Swedish conjugation contains 4 groups, classed by their stem :
-In Class I verbs, the stem ends in -a, the present tense ends in -r, the past tense in -de, the supine in -t, and the past participle in -d. The infinitive is the same as the stem.
About 80% of all verbs in Swedish belong in Class I.
- Class II has stems ending in a consonant, and adds -er in the present. The infinitive ends in -a.
- Class III has stems ending in a vowel that is not -a, and adds -r in the present. The infinitive is identical to the stem.
-Class IV is comprised of the Germanic strong or irregular verbs.
The Swedish language : 5th part, grammar : adjectives
The Swedish adjectives agree with gender and number (as in French) with the following word. The ending gets an -t at singular and neuter, and an -a at plural.
Undefined :
- En vacker sjö : A beautiful lake
- Ett vackert hav : A beautiful sea
- Vackra sjöar : Beautiful lakes
- Vackra hav : Beautiful seas
Defined :
- Den vackra sjön : The beautiful lake
- Det vackra havet : The beautiful sea
- De vackra sjöarna : The beautiful lakes
- De vackra haven : The beautiful seas
We can see that an article (the pronoun de) is used at plural.
The Swedish language : 4th part, grammar : pronouns
Pronouns :
1 : this pronouns agreed in gender and number with the noun.
2 : Same pronounciation.
The Swedish language : 3rd part, grammar : Nouns
Nouns in Swedish get two genders, common (reale) and neuter (neutrum). The common article is en, the neuter one is ett. The define article is a suffix :
En bil : A car
} Common
Bilett : The car
Ett hus : A house
} Neuter
Husett : The house
To get a plural, the formation depends of the noun gender and its ending. The defined article of plural is -na.
Common :
1) Ending -a => Plural -or
- Blomma : Flower
- Blommor : Flowers
- Blommorna : The flowers
2) Ending -e => Plural -ar
- Pojke : Boy
- Pojkar : Boys
- Pojkarna : The boys
3) Other words => -ar or -or (it is impossible to deduct which one must be used)
- Bil : Car
- Bilar : Cars
- Bilarna : The cars
- Restaurang : Restaurant
- Restauranger : Restaurants
- Restaurangerna : The restaurants
Neutrum :
1)Consonant ending => No plural form
- Hus : House
- Hus : Houses
- Husen : The houses
2)Vowel ending => -n
- Äpple : Apple
- Äpplen : Apples
- Äpplena : The apples
The Swedish language : 2nd part, pronounciation
Consonants :
Combinations of consonants :
Vowels :
The Swedish language : 1st part, general knowledge.
Swedish is a Germanic language based on Old Norse (the Viking language), mainly spoken in Sweden and in some parts of Finland. In Sweden, it isn't considered as an official language, contrary to Finland and EU that recognized it.
Swedish is very similar to Norwegian and Danish, indeed a person who speak one of these could understand the two others.
There are lots of English words in Swedish, as a consequence of the Viking invasion of the GB in the 12th century.
There are three characters in the Swedish language that is not used in
English. These are å (that could be seen as a mix between a and o), ä
(a mix between a and e) and ö (that is a mix of o and e).
Friday, May 11th
We met (for the last time) at 8.30 AM at school to receive the orders about the left in the evening. We put our luggage in the school depositery, then we had a (quite boring) class about Swedish traditions and fests. At 11, Isaure, Johanne, Cécile, Valentine and I went to Slussen in order to eat at Mc Donald's and go (for the last time too) shopping. We saw nice things :
We did it because we had nothing else to do. After 3 hours of shopping, we stayed at school with the others until 5.30 PM. We took the subway to go to T-Centralen and run to the coach station to go to Arlanda Airport. We said goodbye to our penfriends and we jumped into the coach to get our plane. We registered our luggage and we got into the plane 15 min. late. We sit in the plane and made work our cameras :
We landed in Paris at midnight, and we took the coach during 5 hours. The most of us slept during the travel, and we arrived at St Vincent at 4 AM. We got home without saying goodbye to the teachers BECAUSE WHEN YOU JUST WOKE UP IT IS A BIT HARD TO THINK !
Thursday, May 10th
We met at 8.30 AM in school, and this time the pupils of 2nd year had an mathmatics exam. At 9, we get off and we took the subway, the train and finally, the bus to go at Drottningholm, the royal residence and castle. Once there, we visited the Royal Theatre :
(the photos weren't allowed so I took a picture of a picture)
After that, we got lots of time to spend in the Royal gardens :
We went back to Stockholm by boat, and we saw the capital's archipelago :
We could also see the municipal building from the outside :
After that ride, Clothilde, Marion, Alexandre and I went to shopping (another time) and to Mc Donald's (to take advantage of the prices). I came back on my own at 6 PM, and Fatou said me that there was a party on the evening in Hélène's penfriend's house. We took the train to go there with Isaure and Palina, her penfriend. Once everybody was there, we walked during 30 mn to go to the party. There was the most part of the students, and we watch Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain in French, subtitled in Swedish. At the end, a Swedish father brought us to the train station and we got back to home at midnight.